ماذا ينفع الميت بعد موته وهل يسمع خطاب الأحياء
What can benefit the deceased after his death? Can he hear what the living say
Qu’est ce qui profite à l’homme après sa mort ? Entend-t- il le discours des vivants?
السؤال : توفي والدي منذ أسبوعين ، الذي أريد أن أعرفه هو : عندما نذهب أنا وباقي أفراد العائلة لزيارة قبره ، هل يستطيع أن يسمعنا ويسمع ما نقول له ؟ وإذا لم يستطع ، هل هناك طريقة تجعله يسمعنا ؟ أرجو الرد سريعاً لأني أود أن أعرف وذلك لأني أظن أن الجواب سيساعدني فيما أمر به من ألم .
الحمد لله
الأصل أن الأموات لا يسمعون كلام الأحياء لقوله تعالى : ( وما أنت بمسمع من في القبور ) وقوله : ( إنك لا تُسمع الموتى ) ، ولما خاطب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قتلى الكفار بعد معركة بدر أسمعهم الله كلامه وهم في قاع البئر التي دفنوا فيها وكانت تلك حالة خاصّة كما ذكر العلماء رحمهم الله ( يراجع كتاب الآيات البينات في عدم سماع الأموات )
الأصل أن الأموات لا يسمعون كلام الأحياء لقوله تعالى : ( وما أنت بمسمع من في القبور ) وقوله : ( إنك لا تُسمع الموتى ) ، ولما خاطب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قتلى الكفار بعد معركة بدر أسمعهم الله كلامه وهم في قاع البئر التي دفنوا فيها وكانت تلك حالة خاصّة كما ذكر العلماء رحمهم الله ( يراجع كتاب الآيات البينات في عدم سماع الأموات )
ولعلّ الدّافع النفسي لتمنّيك سماع والدك لك هو محاولة عمل شيء لإيجاد الصّلة بعد انقطاعها تخفيفا لألم الفراق الذّي تحسّين به ، ألا فلتعلمي أيتها الأخت السائلة أنّ الشّريعة قد بيّنت ماذا يستفيد الميّت من الأحياء وماذا يصل إليه في قبره من جهتهم ، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلّم : إِذَا مَاتَ الإنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عنه عَمَلُهُ إِلا مِنْ ثَلاثةٍ إلا من صَدَقَة جَارِيَة أوَعِلْم يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ أوَوَلَد صَالِح يَدْعُو لَهُ . رواه مسلم/1631 .
فأهمّ ما ينفع والدك بعد موته الآن وأعظم ما تصلينه به وهو في قبره : الاجتهاد في الدعاء له بالمغفرة والرّحمة والجنّة والعتق من النّار ونحو ذلك من الأدعية الطيبة الحسنة .
واستغفار الذكر والأنثى من أولاد الميت للميت - وهو الدعاء له بالمغفرة - فيه ميزة عظيمة كما قال رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْه ِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَتُرْفَعُ دَرَجَتُهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَيَقُولُ أَنَّى هَذَا فَيُقَالُ بِاسْتِغْفَارِ وَلَدِكَ لَكَ . رواه ابن ماجة رقم 3660 وهو في صحيح الجامع 1617
ومما يصل إليه كذلك الصّدقة عنه لما روت عَائِشَةَ رَضِي اللَّه عَنْهَا أَنَّ رَجُلا قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ أُمِّي افْتُلِتَتْ نَفْسُهَا ( أي ماتت ) وَأَظُنُّهَا لَوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ تَصَدَّقَتْ فَهَلْ لَهَا أَجْرٌ إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنْهَا قَالَ : نَعَمْ . رواه البخاري : فتح 1388
وعن ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِي اللَّه عَنْهمَا أَنَّ سَعدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ رَضِي اللَّه عَنْهم تُوُفِّيَتْ أُمُّهُ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي تُوُفِّيَتْ وَأَنَا غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا أَيَنْفَعُهَا شَيْءٌ إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ بِهِ عَنْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنَّ حَائِطِيَ الْمِخْرَافَ ( اسم لبستانه سمي بذلك لكثرة ثمره ) صَدَقَة ٌ عَلَيْهَا . رواه البخاري : فتح : 2756
وعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلا قَالَ لِلنَّبِي ِّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ أَبِي مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالا وَلَمْ يُوصِ فَهَلْ يُكَفِّرُ عَنْهُ أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ *رواه النسائي
وعَنْ سَعْدِ ابْنِ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَأَيُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ سَقْيُ الْمَاءِ *رواه النسائي
ومما يصل إلى الميت كذلك الحجّ والعمرة عنه بعد أن يكون الحيّ قد حجّ واعتمر عن نفسه .
وقد روى عَبْد اللَّهِ بْن بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِي اللَّه عَنْه قَالَ بَيْنَما أَنَا جَالِسٌ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذْ أَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي تَصَدَّقْتُ عَلَى أُمِّي بِجَارِيَةٍ وَإِنَّهَا مَاتَتْ قَالَ فَقَالَ وَجَبَ أَجْرُكِ وَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْكِ الْمِيرَاثُ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ أَفَأَصُومُ عَنْهَا قَالَ صُومِي عَنْهَا قَالَتْ إِنَّهَا لَمْ تَحُجَّ قَطُّ أَفَأَحُجُّ عَنْهَا قَالَ حُجِّي عَنْهَا . رواه مسلم رحمه الله في صحيحه رقم 1149
وهذا يدلّ كذلك على مشروعية قضاء الصيام عنه .
ومما ينفع الميت أيضا قضاء نذره لحديث ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي الله عنهما أَنَّ امْرَأَةً جَاءَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ أُمِّي نَذَرَتْ أَنْ تَحُجَّ فَمَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحُجَّ أَفَأَحُجَّ عَنْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ حُجِّي عَنْهَا أَرَأَيْتِ لَوْ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّكِ دَيْنٌ أَكُنْتِ قَاضِيَتَهُ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ اقْضُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَفَاءِ *البخاري فتح 7315
وممّا يصل إلى الميّت كذلك من الأجر إشراك قريبه له بالأضحية عند ذبحها وقد قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عند ذبح أضحيته : بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ رواه مسلم رقم 1967 وآل محمد فيهم الأحياء والأموات .
وأمّا مسألة زيارة النساء للمقابر فقد تقدّم الجواب عنها ( يراجع سؤال رقم 251 ) .
واعلمي أيتها الأخت السائلة أنّ انشغالك بإخلاص الدّعاء لأبيك هو أهمّ وأولى لك وأنفع للميت من التفكير بمسألة سماعه لصوتك فاحرصي على ما ينفعه وينفعك ، واحذري وأهلك من البدع المحرّمة كذكرى الأربعين ومرور سنة ومجالس الفاتحة ومنكرات المقابر ونحو ذلك مما يفعله الجهلة ويقلّد بعضهم بعضا فيه .
أسأل الله أن يغفر لأبيك ويرحمه ويتجاوز عنه وعن سائر أموات المسلمين إنه هو الغفور الرحيم .
الإسلام سؤال وجواب
الشيخ محمد صالح المنجد
الشيخ محمد صالح المنجد
هنا
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What can benefit the deceased after his death? Can he hear what the living say?
My father passed away about two weeks ago. I wanted to know when me or my family members go to his grave, is he able to hear us and what we are saying to him?
... and if not is their any way we can have him hear what we say?..
Please respond promptly because I really want to now because I think maybe it will help me with the pain i'm dealing with.
... and if not is their any way we can have him hear what we say?..
Please respond promptly because I really want to now because I think maybe it will help me with the pain i'm dealing with.
Praise be to Allaah.
The principle is that the dead do not hear the words of the living, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "… but you cannot hear those who are in graves." [Faatir 35:22] and
"Verily, you cannot make the dead to hear…" [al-Naml 27:80]
When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) addressed the slain kuffaar (disbelievers) after the Battle of Badr, Allaah caused them to hear his words, although they were at the bottom of the well in which they had been buried. This was a special case, as the scholars, may Allaah have mercy on them, have stated. (See Al-Aayaat al-Bayyinaat fi ‘adam Samaa’ al-Amwaat).
Perhaps the psychological motive for your wishing that you father could hear you is an attempt to do something to re-establish the communication that has been cut, in order to alleviate the pain you are feeling. But you should understand, my sister, that Islam has explained what actions on the part of the living may benefit the dead, and what may reach them in their graves. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "When a person dies, all his deeds come to an end except three: sadaqah jaariyah (ongoing charity, e.g. a waqf or endowment), beneficial knowledge (which he has left behind), or a righteous child who will pray for him." (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, no 1376; he said this is a saheeh hasan hadeeth)
The most important thing that will benefit your father after his death, and that you can do for him now that he is in his grave, is to strive to pray for him and ask for forgiveness and mercy for him, and for Paradise and salvation from the Fire, and other good and beautiful du’aa’s (prayers).
Prayers for forgiveness offered by both sons and daughters of the deceased bring great benefits, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "A man’s status will be raised in Paradise and he will ask, ‘How did I get here?’ He will be told, ‘By your son’s du’aa’s (prayers) for forgiveness for you." (Reported by Ibn Maajah, no 3660; see also Saheeh al-Jaami’, 1617)
Another thing that may reach the deceased is sadaqah (charity) given on his behalf, because ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) reported that a man said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "My mother has passed away, and if she could have spoken, she would have given something in charity. Will she receive a reward if I give something on her behalf?" He said, "Yes." (Reported by al-Bukhaari, Fath, 1388)
Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the mother of Sa’d ibn ‘Ubaadah (may Allaah be pleased with him and his father) died when he was away from her. He said: "O Messenger of Allaah, my mother has died and I am away from her. Will it benefit her anything if I give in charity on her behalf?" He said, "Yes." He said, "Then I ask you to be my witness that I am giving my garden al-Mikhraaf (so called because it bore so many dates) in charity on her behalf." (Reported by al-Bukhaari, Fath, 2756)
Abu Hurayrah reported that a man said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "My father has died and left money behind. He did not make a wasiyyah (a will); will it expiate for his sins if I give some of it in charity on his behalf?" He said, "Yes." (Reported by al-Nisaa’i)
Sa’d ibn ‘Ubaadah said: "I said: ‘O Messenger of Allaah, my mother has died. Should I give charity on her behalf?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ I asked, ‘What kind of charity is best?’ He said, ‘Providing water.’" (Reported by al-Nisaa’i)
Other deeds that may also benefit the deceased are Hajj and ‘Umrah on their behalf, after the living person has first performed Hajj and ‘Umrah on his or her own behalf.
‘Abdullaah ibn Buraydah reported that his father (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: "While I was sitting with the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), a woman came to him and said: ‘I gave my mother a slave-woman in charity, and now my mother has died.’ He said: ‘You have got your reward, and your right of inheritance has brought your gift back to you.’ She said, ‘O Messenger of Allaah, she still had one month to fast – can I fast it on her behalf?’ He said, ‘Fast it on her behalf.’ She said, ‘She never went to Hajj – can I perform Hajj on her behalf?’ He said, ‘Perform Hajj on her behalf.’" (Reported by Muslim, may Allaah have mercy on him, in his Saheeh, no. 1149)
This shows that it is also permissible to fast on behalf of the deceased.
Another thing that may benefit the deceased is to fulfil their nadhr (vow), because Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him and his father) reported that a woman came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said: "My mother made a vow to perform Hajj but she died before she could do it. Can I perform Hajj on her behalf?" He said, "Yes, perform Hajj on her behalf. Don’t you think that if your mother owed a debt you would pay it off?" She said, "Yes." He said, "Then pay off what is owed to Allaah, for Allaah is more deserving of having vows fulfilled." (al-Bukhaari, al-Fath, 7315)
Another thing that may benefit the deceased is if his relative devotes a share to him of a sacrifice he offers. When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) offered a sacrifice, he said: "In the name of Allaah, O Allaah, on behalf of Muhammad and the family of Muhammad" (reported by Muslim, no. 1967) – and the family of Muhammad included both the living and the dead.
The question of whether women may visit graves has already been addressed (please see question# 127 )
You should also know that keeping yourself busy with praying for your father is more important and better for you, and more beneficial to the deceased, than thinking about whether he can hear your voice. So try to do whatever will be of benefit both to him and you. You and your family should avoid forbidden innovations (bid’ah) such as marking the fortieth day after death, or the passing of one year since the death, or gatherings for reciting al-Faatihah (the first chapter or soorah of the Qur’aan), doing forbidden acts at graves, and so on, deeds which are done by those who are ignorant and are imitated by others.
I ask Allaah to forgive your father and have mercy on him and on all the deceased Muslims, for He is the Forgiving, Most Merciful.
The principle is that the dead do not hear the words of the living, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "… but you cannot hear those who are in graves." [Faatir 35:22] and
"Verily, you cannot make the dead to hear…" [al-Naml 27:80]
When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) addressed the slain kuffaar (disbelievers) after the Battle of Badr, Allaah caused them to hear his words, although they were at the bottom of the well in which they had been buried. This was a special case, as the scholars, may Allaah have mercy on them, have stated. (See Al-Aayaat al-Bayyinaat fi ‘adam Samaa’ al-Amwaat).
Perhaps the psychological motive for your wishing that you father could hear you is an attempt to do something to re-establish the communication that has been cut, in order to alleviate the pain you are feeling. But you should understand, my sister, that Islam has explained what actions on the part of the living may benefit the dead, and what may reach them in their graves. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "When a person dies, all his deeds come to an end except three: sadaqah jaariyah (ongoing charity, e.g. a waqf or endowment), beneficial knowledge (which he has left behind), or a righteous child who will pray for him." (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, no 1376; he said this is a saheeh hasan hadeeth)
The most important thing that will benefit your father after his death, and that you can do for him now that he is in his grave, is to strive to pray for him and ask for forgiveness and mercy for him, and for Paradise and salvation from the Fire, and other good and beautiful du’aa’s (prayers).
Prayers for forgiveness offered by both sons and daughters of the deceased bring great benefits, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "A man’s status will be raised in Paradise and he will ask, ‘How did I get here?’ He will be told, ‘By your son’s du’aa’s (prayers) for forgiveness for you." (Reported by Ibn Maajah, no 3660; see also Saheeh al-Jaami’, 1617)
Another thing that may reach the deceased is sadaqah (charity) given on his behalf, because ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) reported that a man said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "My mother has passed away, and if she could have spoken, she would have given something in charity. Will she receive a reward if I give something on her behalf?" He said, "Yes." (Reported by al-Bukhaari, Fath, 1388)
Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him and his father) reported that the mother of Sa’d ibn ‘Ubaadah (may Allaah be pleased with him and his father) died when he was away from her. He said: "O Messenger of Allaah, my mother has died and I am away from her. Will it benefit her anything if I give in charity on her behalf?" He said, "Yes." He said, "Then I ask you to be my witness that I am giving my garden al-Mikhraaf (so called because it bore so many dates) in charity on her behalf." (Reported by al-Bukhaari, Fath, 2756)
Abu Hurayrah reported that a man said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "My father has died and left money behind. He did not make a wasiyyah (a will); will it expiate for his sins if I give some of it in charity on his behalf?" He said, "Yes." (Reported by al-Nisaa’i)
Sa’d ibn ‘Ubaadah said: "I said: ‘O Messenger of Allaah, my mother has died. Should I give charity on her behalf?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ I asked, ‘What kind of charity is best?’ He said, ‘Providing water.’" (Reported by al-Nisaa’i)
Other deeds that may also benefit the deceased are Hajj and ‘Umrah on their behalf, after the living person has first performed Hajj and ‘Umrah on his or her own behalf.
‘Abdullaah ibn Buraydah reported that his father (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: "While I was sitting with the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), a woman came to him and said: ‘I gave my mother a slave-woman in charity, and now my mother has died.’ He said: ‘You have got your reward, and your right of inheritance has brought your gift back to you.’ She said, ‘O Messenger of Allaah, she still had one month to fast – can I fast it on her behalf?’ He said, ‘Fast it on her behalf.’ She said, ‘She never went to Hajj – can I perform Hajj on her behalf?’ He said, ‘Perform Hajj on her behalf.’" (Reported by Muslim, may Allaah have mercy on him, in his Saheeh, no. 1149)
This shows that it is also permissible to fast on behalf of the deceased.
Another thing that may benefit the deceased is to fulfil their nadhr (vow), because Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him and his father) reported that a woman came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said: "My mother made a vow to perform Hajj but she died before she could do it. Can I perform Hajj on her behalf?" He said, "Yes, perform Hajj on her behalf. Don’t you think that if your mother owed a debt you would pay it off?" She said, "Yes." He said, "Then pay off what is owed to Allaah, for Allaah is more deserving of having vows fulfilled." (al-Bukhaari, al-Fath, 7315)
Another thing that may benefit the deceased is if his relative devotes a share to him of a sacrifice he offers. When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) offered a sacrifice, he said: "In the name of Allaah, O Allaah, on behalf of Muhammad and the family of Muhammad" (reported by Muslim, no. 1967) – and the family of Muhammad included both the living and the dead.
The question of whether women may visit graves has already been addressed (please see question# 127 )
You should also know that keeping yourself busy with praying for your father is more important and better for you, and more beneficial to the deceased, than thinking about whether he can hear your voice. So try to do whatever will be of benefit both to him and you. You and your family should avoid forbidden innovations (bid’ah) such as marking the fortieth day after death, or the passing of one year since the death, or gatherings for reciting al-Faatihah (the first chapter or soorah of the Qur’aan), doing forbidden acts at graves, and so on, deeds which are done by those who are ignorant and are imitated by others.
I ask Allaah to forgive your father and have mercy on him and on all the deceased Muslims, for He is the Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Islam Q&A
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
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Qu’est ce qui profite à l’homme après sa mort ? Entend-t- il le discours des vivants?
Mon père est décédé, il y a deux semaines. Ce que je voudrais savoir est ceci : quand nous allons, les membre de la famille et moi-même, pour visiter sa tombe, est-ce qu’il nous entend et entend ce que nous lui disons ? S’il ne le peut pas, existe -t- il un moyen de le lui faire entendre ? J’espère recevoir une réponse rapide parce que je veux connaître cela et je crois que la réponse m’aidera à surmonter la douleur dont je souffre.
Louange à Allah
En principe, les mots n’entendent pas les paroles des vivants comme l’affirme le Très Haut en ces termes : « Tu n’es point en mesure de faire entendre les occupants des tombes » et « tu ne feras pas entendre les mots.» Il est vrai cependant que quand le Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) s’adressa aux mécréants tués au cours de la bataille de Badre et jetés dans les puits où ils furent enterrés, Allah leur fit entendre son discours. Ce qui constitue un cas spécial d’après les dires des ulémas (Puisse Allah leur accorder sa miséricorde) Se référer au livre intitulé : al-ayat al bayyinat fi adami sam’aa al-amwat.
Peut-être le motif de votre souhait de faire entendre votre voix à votre père est-il votre volonté de tenter le rétablissement d’un contact rompu, histoire d’atténuer votre douleur.
Chère auteur de la question,
Sachez que la charia a expliqué en quoi le vivant peut être utile au mort et ce que celui-là peur faire à celui-ci. À ce propos, le Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) a dit : « Quand l’homme meurt, ses œuvres sont interrompues sauf dans trois cas : une aumône à caractère perpétuel ou un savoir utile ou un enfant pieux qui prie pour lui » (rapporté par Mouslim, 1631).
Le plus important profit que l’on puisse apporter à votre père, le meilleur service que vous puissiez lui rendre, consiste à vous efforcer à implorer pour lui le pardon, la miséricorde, le paradis, l’affranchissement de l’enfer et d’autres bonnes et belles prières.
L’imploration du pardon divin par les enfants mâles et femelles du défunt au profit de ce dernier comporte un grand avantage, conformément à ces propos du Messager d’Allah (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) : « Certes, l’on élèvera le grade d’un homme au paradis au point qu’il dira : « Comment ai-je pu avoir ça ? » On lui dira alors : ceci est dû à l’imploration du pardon divin par ton enfant à ton profit. » (rapporté par Ibn Madja, n°3660 et cité dans Sahih al-Djami’, 1617).
L’aumône aussi profite au défunt en vertu de ce hadith d’Aïcha selon lequel un homme avait dit au Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) : « Ma mère est décédée et je crois que si elle avait eu le temps de parler, elle aurait recommandé une aumône. Serait-elle récompensée si je faisais une aumône à la place ? » « Oui » dit le Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) (rapporté par Boukhari, Fateh, 1388.)
D’après Ibn Abbas, la mère de Saad ibn Ubada était décédée pendant son absence et il dit au Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) : « Messager d’Allah, ma mère est décédée pendant mon absence. Lui serait elle utile si je faisait une aumône à sa place ? - « Oui »- « Je vous prends alors pour témoin que mon champ dit al-Mikharaf (appelé ainsi en raison de l’abondance de ses fruits) est une aumône pour elle » (rapporté par Boukhari, Fateh, 2756).
D’après Abou Hourayra un homme a dit au Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) « Mon père est décédé et a laissé des biens, mais n’a pas fait de testament. L’aumône que je ferais à sa place pourrait-elle lui être expiratoire ?- « Oui » (rapporté par an-Nassai).
Les pèlerinages majeur et mineur, effectués par quelqu’un qui les aurait déjà accomplis pour son propre compte, profitent aussi un défunt pour lequel ils sont entrepris.
Abd Allah ibn Bourayda rapporte d’après son père (P.A.a) : « J’était assit près du Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) quand une femme se présenta à lui et dit : j’avais fait don d’une esclave à ma mère, et celle-ci est décédée ?
- « Vous avez mérité une récompense et l’esclave vous revient en succession » « Messager d’Allah, elle avait à effectuer le jeûne d’un mois. Puis-je le faire à sa place ? » « Jeûnez à sa place »
- « Elle n’avait pas fait le pèlerinage. Puis-je le faire à sa place ? » « Faites-le à sa place » (rapporté par Mouslim ) (Puisse Allah lui accorder Sa miséricorde) dans son Sahih, n° 1149). Ceci indique en plus la légalité du rattrapage du jeûne.
L’accomplissement du vœu d’un défunt fait aussi partie des choses qui lui profitent d’après le hadith d’Ibn Abbas (P.A.a) selon lequel une femme se présenta au Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) et lui dit : «Ma mère avait formulé le vœu d’effectuer le pèlerinage, mais elle décéda avant de la faire.. Puis-je l’accomplir à sa place ? »
-« Oui, faites le pèlerinage à sa place. Voyez-vous si votre mère avait une dette, ne la régleriez-vous pas ? »
-« Si » « Eh bien, la dette envers Allah est celle qui mérite le plus d’être réglée.. » (Boukhari, Fateh, 7315)
Le fait que le parent d’un défunt associe celui-ci au sacrifice qu’il égorge profite encore au défunt. C’est pourquoi le Prophète (bénédiction et salut soient sur lui) avait dit au moment où il égorgeait son sacrifice : « Au nom d’Allah, mon Seigneur, agrée de Muhammad et de la famille de Muhammad » (rapporté par Mouslim, n°1967). Car parmi les membres de la famille » de Muhammad il y avait des vivants et des morts.
S’agissant de la visite des cimetières par les femmes, une réponse a déjà été donnée. Se référer à la question n°251.
Chère auteur de la question,
Sachez que votre occupation par des prières sincères au profit de votre père est plus importante et plus utile pour le défunt que le fait de réfléchir à la possibilité de lui faire entendre votre voix. Veillez surtout à ce qui vous profite et lui profite et méfiez-vous, et votre famille, des innovations interdites comme la célébration du 40e jour du décès et la commémoration du 1er anniversaire, les assemblés (de lecture) de la Fatiha et les actes contestables commis dans les cimetières etc. entre autres choses que font les ignorants et dans lesquelles les uns imitent les autres. Je demande à Allah de pardonner votre père, de lui accorder Sa miséricorde et de passer sous silence (ses fautes) et d’en faire de même pour tous les Musulmans. Car Il est le Pardonneur le Miséricordieux.
Islam Q&A
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
