هل يشرع قضاء راتبة الظهر القبلية والبعدية بعد العصر للعذر؟
الجواب :
الحمد لله
يُشرع قضاء السنن الراتبة إذا فاتت بعذر ، كالنوم أو النسيان أو الانشغال عنها فلم تُصلَّ في أوقاتها ، فتُقضى ولو في أوقات النهي على الراجح من كلام أهل العلم ؛ وذلك لما رواه البخاري (1233) ومسلم (834) عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ : (إِنَّهُ أَتَانِي نَاسٌ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ فَشَغَلُونِي عَنْ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ فَهُمَا هَاتَانِ) .
ولما رواه ابن ماجه (1154) عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ : رَأَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي بَعْدَ صَلاةِ الصُّبْحِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَصَلاةَ الصُّبْحِ مَرَّتَيْنِ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ : إِنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ صَلَّيْتُ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اللَّتَيْنِ قَبْلَهُمَا ، فَصَلَّيْتُهُمَا . قَالَ : فَسَكَتَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . صححه الألباني في صحيح ابن ماجه (948) .
ولما رواه الترمذي (426) عن عائشة رضي الله عنها (أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان إذا لم يصل أربعا قبل الظهر صلاهن بعده) وحسنه الألباني في "صحيح الترمذي" .
قال النووي رحمه الله :
"الصحيح عندنا : استحباب قضاء النوافل الراتبة ، وبه قال محمد ، والمزني ، وأحمد في رواية عنه ، وقال أبو حنيفة ومالك وأبو يوسف في أشهر الرواية عنهما : لا يقضي ، دليلنا هذه الأحاديث الصحيحة" انتهى .
"المجموع" (4/43).
وقال المرداوي الحنبلي رحمه الله :
" قوله : (ومن فاته شيء من هذه السنن سن له قضاؤها) : هذا المذهب [يعني مذهب الإمام أحمد] والمشهور عند الأصحاب" انتهى .
"الإنصاف" (2/187) .
وقال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله :
"إذَا فَاتَتْ السُّنَّةُ الرَّاتِبَةُ مِثْلُ سُنَّةِ الظُّهْرِ . فَهَلْ تُقْضَى بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ ؟ عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ هُمَا رِوَايَتَانِ عَنْ أَحْمَد : أَحَدُهُمَا : لَا تُقْضَى وَهُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَمَالِكٍ . وَالثَّانِي : تُقْضَى وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ وَهُوَ أَقْوَى . وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ" انتهى .
"مجموع الفتاوى" (23/127) .
وعلى ما تقدم : فيشرع لك إذا لم تتمكني من صلاة راتبة الظهر القبلية والبعدية في أوقاتهما أن تصليهما بعد العصر .
وسئل الشيخ ابن عثيمين رحمه الله : هل يجوز تأخير السنن القبلية التي قبل صلاة الظهر بحيث نبدأ صلاة الظهر وبعد ساعة تقريباً نصلي السنن القبلية والبعدية ؛ لأن الوقت الذي يسمح لنا بالصلاة فيه في مكان الدراسة خارج المملكة لا يكفي إلا للوضوء والصلاة فقط ؟
فأجاب : "إذا أخر إنسان السنة القبلية إلى بعد الصلاة ، فإن كان لعذر فلا حرج عليه أن يقضيها بعدها وتجزئه ، وإذا كان لغير عذر فإنها لا تجزئه ، وما ذكرت السائلة من أن الوقت لا يتسع إلا للوضوء ولصلاة الفرض فإنه عذر ، وعلى هذا فيجوز قضاء الرواتب القبلية بعد الصلاة ، ولكنه في هذه الحال يبدأ أولاً بالسنة البعدية ثم يقضي السنن القبلية" انتهى .
"فتاوى ورسائل ابن عثيمين" (14/194) .
وينظر لزيد الفائدة جواب السؤال رقم (114233) .
والله أعلم .
الإسلام سؤال وجواب
هنا
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Is it prescribed to make up the regular Sunnah prayers that should be offered before and after Zuhr by offering them after ‘Asr because of an excuse?
I pray the noon prayer on campus, but my classes start before noon and end after the afternoon prayer is performed, with no enough time between classes, so I pray the noon prayer only without the stressed practices for lack of time. if I arrive at class after the professor, I am not allowed to attend the class. Sometimes, I don't even have enough time to get to the place of prayer, so I pray in a secluded space inside the hall.
Is it permitted to pray the stressed practices when I get home following the afternoon prayers? And what should I do about stressed pre-practices ?.
Is it permitted to pray the stressed practices when I get home following the afternoon prayers? And what should I do about stressed pre-practices ?.
Praise be to Allaah.
It is prescribed to make up the regular Sunnah prayers (al-sunan al-rawaatib) if they are missed because of an excuse such as sleeping, forgetting or being too busy to do them, which led to one not offering them at the proper time. So they may be made up even at times when prayer is not allowed, according to the correct scholarly opinion. That is because of the report narrated by al-Bukhaari (1233) and Muslim (834) from Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her), according to which the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) prayed two rak‘ahs after ‘Asr; she asked him about that and he said, “Some people from ‘Abd al-Qays came to me and distracted me from offering the two rak‘ahs that come after Zuhr, so these are they.”
And Ibn Maajah (1154) narrated that Qays ibn ‘Amr said: The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) saw a man praying two rak‘ahs after Fajr. The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Fajr prayer twice?” The man said to him: I did not pray the two rak‘ahs that come before it, so I prayed them (now). And the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not say anything. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Ibn Maajah, 948.
And al-Tirmidhi (426) narrated from ‘Aa’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that if the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) did not pray four rak‘ahs before Zuhr, he would pray them afterwards. Classed as hasan by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi.
Al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The correct view is our opinion is that it is mustahabb to make up the regular Sunnah prayers (al-sunan al-rawaatib). This is the view of Muhammad, al-Muzani, and Ahmad according to one report. Abu Haneefah, Maalik and Abu Yoosuf, according to the more well-known report from them, said: They should not be made up; our evidence is these saheeh hadeeths. End quote. al-Majmoo‘, 4/43
Al-Mardaawi al-Hanbali (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The words “and whoever misses any of these Sunnah prayers, it is prescribed for him to make them up”– this is our madhhab (the madhhab of Imam Ahmad) and is the well known view according to our companions. End quote. al-Insaaf, 2/187
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
If one of the regular Sunnah prayers, such as the Sunnah prayer of Zuhr, is missed, can it be made up after ‘Asr? There are two views both of which were narrated from Ahmad. One of them is that it may not be made up; this is the view of Abu Haneefah and Maalik. The other view is that it may be made up. This is the view of al-Shaafa‘i and it is stronger. And Allah knows best. End quote. Majmoo‘ al-Fataawa, 23/127
Based on the above, if you are not able to offer the regular Sunnah prayers before and after Zuhr at the proper time, it is prescribed for you to offer them after ‘Asr.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: Is it permissible to delay the Sunnah prayer that is offered before Zuhr, as we start Zuhr prayer, then after approximately one hour we offer the Sunnah prayers that come before and after, because the time allowed for us to pray where we are studying outside the Kingdom is only enough to do wudoo’ and offer the (obligatory) prayer only?
He replied:
If a person delays the Sunnah prayer that should be offered before until after the prayer, if that is because of an excuse then there is nothing wrong with him making it up later on, and it is acceptable. But if he had no excuse, then it is not acceptable. What the questioner has mentioned about the time only being enough to do wudoo’ and offer the obligatory prayer is an excuse; based on that, it is permissible to make up the Sunnah prayer that should come before after the prayer, but in this case one should start with the Sunnah that comes after the obligatory prayer, then make up the Sunnah that comes before. End quote. Fataawa wa Rasaa’il Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 14/194
For more information please see the answer to question no.
And Allah knows best.
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