حكمُ الرسومِ المتحركة
Ruling on animated drawings (cartoons)
شرعاً ؟ .
الحمد لله
أولاً :
لا يخفى أنَّ الشريعةَ جاءت بتحريمِ تصويرِ ورسمِ ونحتِ كل ما فيه روحٌ من خلقِ اللهِ تعالى ، بل جاء التشديدُ والوعيدُ الشديد على من فعل ذلك .
كقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( إِنَّ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ عَذَابًا يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ المُصَوِّرُونَ ) رواه البخاري (5950) ومسلم (2109) .
وانظر جواب السؤال رقم (7222) (39806) .
وقد استثنت الشريعة من التحريم : الصور التي يلعب بها الأطفال .
رواه أبو داود (4932) وصححه العراقي في تخريج الإحياء (2/344)
والألباني في "صحيح أبو داود" .
قالَ الحافظُ ابنُ حجر في "فتح الباري" (10/527) :
" واستُدلَّ بهذا الحديثِ على جوازِ اتخاذِ صورِ البناتِ واللعب ، من أجلِ لَعِبِ البناتِ بهن ، وخُصَّ ذلك من عمومِ النهي عن اتخاذِ الصور ، وبه جزمَ عياضٌ ، ونقله عن الجمهورِ ، وأنهم أجازوا بيعَ اللعبِ للبناتِ لتدريبهن من صغرِهن على أمرِ بيوتهِن وأولادهن " انتهى .
وسُئلَ الشيخ ابن عثيمين : ما حكمُ صورِ الكرتونِ التي تخرج في التلفزيون ؟
فأجابَ :
فإن كانت على شكلِ آدميٍّ : فحكمُ النظرِ فيها محلُّ ترددٍ ، هل يُلحقُ بالصورِ الحقيقية أو لا ؟
والأقربُ أنه لا يُلحَقُ بها .
"مجموع الفتاوى" (2/سؤال رقم 333) .
ثانياً :
وفي هذه المرحلةِ يكونُ عقلُ الطفلِ وقلبُهُ كالصفحةِ البيضاء ، لا تمر بها عوارضُ إلا انتقشت عليها وثبتت .
يقولُ ابن القيّم رحمه الله في "تحفة المودود" (240) :
" ومما يحتاجُ إليهِ الطفلُ غايةَ الاحتياج الاعتناء بأمرِ خلْقهِ ، فإنهُ ينشأ على ما عوّدهُ المربي في صغره ، فيصعبُ عليه في كبرهِ تلافي ذلك ، وتصيرُ هذهِ الأخلاق صفاتٍ وهيئاتٍ راسخةً له ، فلو تحرّزَ منها غايةَ التحرزِ فضحته ولا بد يومًا ما " انتهى .وهذه بعض الإيجابيات من مشاهدة الطفل لهذه البرامج :
2- تنميةُ خيالِ الطفل ، وتغذيةُ قدراتِهِ ، وتنميةُ الخيالِ من أكثر ما يساعدُ على نموّ العقل ، وتهيئتهِ للإبداع ، ويعلّمهُ أساليبَ مبتكرةً ومتعددةً في التفكيرِ والسلوك .
3- تعليم اللغةِ العربيةِ الفصحى والّتي غالباً لا يسمعُها الطفلُ في بيته ولا حتى في مدرسته ، ومن المعلومِ أنّ تقويمَ لسانِ الطفلِ على اللغةِ السليمةِ مقصدٌ من مقاصدِ العلمِ والتربية .
يقولُ ابنُ تيمية في "اقتضاء الصراط المستقيم" (1/207) :
" واعلم أنّ اعتيادَ اللغةِ يؤثرُ في العقلِ والخلقِ والدّين تأثيرًا قويًا بيّنًا ، ويؤثرُ أيضًا في مشابهةِ صدرِ هذه الأمةِ من الصحابةِ والتابعين ، ومشابهتهم تزيدُ العقلَ والدّينَ والخُلُق ، وأيضًا فإنّ نفسَ اللغة العربية من الدّين ، ومعرفتُها فرضٌ واجبٌ " انتهى .
4- تلبيةُ بعضِ الحاجاتِ والغرائزِ النفسيةِ النافعة : كالرحمة والمودة وبرِّ الوالدين والمنافسة والسعي للنجاح ومواجهة التحديات . . . . وغير ذلك كثير من المعاني الإيجابيةِ التي يُمكنُ غرسُها في ثنايا حلقاتِ أفلامِ الكرتون .
وهناك أيضاً مجموعة من السلبيات المترتبة على مشاهدة هذه البرامج :
1- السلبياتُ المترتبةُ على مشاهدةِ التلفاز بشكلٍ عام ، وهي سلبياتٌ كثيرة ، منها : الإضرارُ بصحةِ العينين ، وتعويد الكسل والخمول ، وتعويد التلقي وعدم المشاركة ، وبذلك تعيقُ النموَّ المعرفيّ الطبيعيّ ، وذلك أنّ العلمَ بالتعلمِ والبحثِ والطلب ، والتلفاز ينتقلُ بالمتابع منَ البحثِ إلى التلقي فقط ، كما أنّ في متابعةِ التلفازِ إضعافًا لروحِ المودةِ بينَ أفرادِ الأسرة ، وذلك حين ينشغلونَ بالمتابعةِ عن تبادلِ الحديثِ مع بعضهم البعض .
يقولُ ابن القيم في معرض الحديث عما يجب على الولي من التربية في "تحفة المودود" (241) :
2- تقديمُ مفاهيم عقدية وفكرية وعمليّة مخالفة للإسلام : وذلك حين تنغرسُ في بعضِ الأفلام مفاهيمُ الاختلاط والتبرجِ المحرّم ، وبعضُ أفلام الكرتون مثل ما يُعرَف بـِ (توم و جيري) تحوي مفاهيمَ محرفةً عن الآخرة ، والجنة والنار والحساب ، كما أنّ بعضَها يحتوي قصصًا مشوَّهةً للأنبياءِ والرسل ، وبعضُها الآخر يحتوي على سخريةٍ من الإسلامِ والمسلمين ، وأفلامٌ أخرى (مثل ما يعرف بـ البوكيمون) تحوي عقائد لدياناتٍ شرقية وثنية . . . . وغير ذلك كثير , وإن لم تحملْ ما يخالف الإسلام مخالفة ظاهرة ، فهي تحملُ في طيّاتها ثقافة غربيةً غريبةً عن مجتمعاتِنا وديننا .
يقول الدكتور وهبة الزحيلي في "قضية الأحداث" (6) :
" أمّا برامجُ الصغارِ وبعضُ برامجِ الكبار ، فإنها تَبثّ روحَ التربيةِ الغربية ، وتروّجُ التقاليدَ الغربية ، وتُرغّبُ بالحفلات والأنديةِ الغربيةِ " انتهى .
ومن التّأثر المقيت بهذه الثقافة ، اتخاذ القدوة المثالية الوهمية ، بدلاً من أن يكون القدوة هو الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه والعلماء الربانيين والمجاهدين ، فتجدُ الأطفالَ يقلّدون (الرجل الخارق Super man) و( الرجل الوطواط Bat man ) و (الرجل العنكبوت SPIDER MAN) ونحو ذلك من الشخصياتِ الوهمية التي لا وجود لها ، فتضيعُ القدوة في خضم القوةِ الخيالية المجردة من الإيمان .
انظر : "وسائل الإعلام والأطفال : وجهة نظر إسلامية" أبو الحسن صادق ، "مقال : أثر الرسوم المتحركة على الأطفال" نزار محمد عثمان .
بعد تبيّن هذه الإيجابيات والسلبيات ، يبدو الموقفُ الشرعيّ بعدَ ذلك واضحًا إن شاءَ الله تعالى ، فكلما وجدت السلبياتُ أكثر اقتربَ الحكمُ إلى التحريمِ أكثر ، وما أمكنَ فيه تجنبُّ هذه السلبيات اقتربَ إلى الجواز ، وهذا يدلنا على ضرورةِ السعي لإيجاد شركاتِ إنتاجٍ لأفلامِ الكرتونِ الإسلاميةِ ، بحيث تُغرَسُ فيها جميعُ الفضائل ، وتُنفَى عنها جميع المضار والرذائل .
الإسلام سؤال وجواب
هنا
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Ruling on animated drawings (cartoons)
What is the ruling on animated cartoons that are shown to children? Do they come under the heading of images that are forbidden in Islam?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
It is well known that Islam has forbidden image-making, drawing and sculpting every animate being that Allaah has created; there are stern warnings issued to those who do that.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The most severely punished of the people on the Day of Resurrection will be the image-makers.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (5950) and Muslim (2109).
Islam makes an exception from this prohibition in the case of images with which children play.
It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came back from the campaign to Tabook or Khaybar, and in her alcove there was a curtain. The breeze came and lifted the edge of the curtain, uncovering the “daughters” of ‘Aa’ishah, i.e., her dolls. He said: “What is this, O ‘Aa’ishah?” She said: “My daughters.” And among them he saw a horse with two wings of cloth. He said: “What is this that I see among them?” She said: “A horse.” He said: “What is this on it?” She said: “Two wings.” He said: “A horse with wings?” She said:
“Have you not heard that Sulaymaan had horses with wings?”
She said: And he smiled so broadly that I could see his eye
teeth.” Narrated by Abu Dawood (4932), classed as saheeh by al-Iraaqi in Takhreej al-Ihya’ (2/344) and by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
Al-Haafiz ibn Hajr said in Fath al-Baari (10/527):
This hadeeth is taken as evidence that it is permissible to have dolls and toys for girls to play with. This is an exception to the prohibition of images. This was stated by ‘Iyaad, and it was narrated from the majority that they allowed the sale of toys and dolls so that girls might learn from a young age how to take care of their houses and their children. End quote.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked: What is the ruling on cartoons that appear on TV?
He replied:
With regard to the cartoons which you say appear on TV, if they are in the form of humans, then the ruling on watching them depends on whether they come under the same ruling as realistic human images or not? It is most likely that they do not come under that ruling.
If they are not in the form of humans, then there is nothing wrong with watching them, so long as they are not accompanied by anything haraam such as music and so on, and they do not distract from obligatory duties. End quote.
Majmoo’ al-Fataawa 2/question no. 333
Secondly:
The issue of animated drawings and cartoons is one of the most serious educational issues, because of the immense effect that these films have on children’s developing characters, and because they have become a primary educational tool in many countries nowadays.
At this stage the heart and mind of the child is like a blank page; nothing crosses it but it leaves an imprint.
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Tuhfat al-Mawdood (240):
One thing that the child desperately needs is for care to be taken with regard to his morals and attitude, for he will grow up with whatever the one who is raising him accustoms him to when he is small, and when he grows older it becomes difficult for him to change what he has got used to; these attitudes and characteristics that have become deeply ingrained in him, even if he tries to suppress them, they will always surface and expose him. End quote.
These are some of the positive effects of children watching these programs:
1 – They give children a great deal of educational information in an easy and enjoyable manner. Some cartoons focus on particular geographical areas, and others focus on scientific matters, such as the parts of the human body, which gives the child advanced knowledge at an early age.
2 – They develop the child’s imagination and nourish his abilities, and they develop the imagination in a way which helps the mind to grow and prepare it to be innovative and teach the child new ways of thinking and behaving.
3 – They teach fus-ha (classical) Arabic which children usually do not hear at home or even at school. It is well known that teaching the child correct language is one of the aims of education.
Ibn Taymiyah said in Iqtida’ al-Siraat al-Mustaqeem (1/207):
It should be noted that becoming accustomed to the language has a powerful effect on one's thinking, attitude and religious commitment, and also has the effect of seeking to follow the example of the early generations of this ummah, the Sahaabah and Taabi’een. Seeking to follow their example increases reasoning, religious commitment and good attitude. Moreover, the Arabic language is part of this religion, and learning it is obligatory and essential. End quote.
4 – They meet some psychological needs and have a beneficial effect, such as compassion, love, honouring one’s parents, competition, striving for success and meeting challenges and many other positive attitudes that can be instilled via cartoons.
There are also some negative effects that come from watching these programs:
1 – The negative consequences of watching TV in general, of which there are many such as: damage to the eyes, getting used to laziness and inactivity, getting used to passive reception and not participating. It also stunts natural development of knowledge, because knowledge is acquired by learning, researching and seeking, but the television replaces seeking with mere receiving. Watching TV also weakens the bonds of love between family members, when they let watching shows keep them from speaking to one another.
Ibn al-Qayyim said, discussing the parent’s responsibilities in raising the child in Tuhfat al-Mawdood (241):
He should avoid letting him became lazy and inactive, and should teach him the opposite. He should not let him rest for more than he needs to refresh his body and soul for more work, for laziness and inactivity bring bad consequences and will end in regret, but hard work brings good consequences, either in this world or in the Hereafter or in both. End quote.
2 – They present beliefs and ideas that are contrary to Islam, as some movies include mixing and display of charms (tabarruj) that are haraam. Some cartoons, such as Tom & Jerry, give distorted ideas about the Hereafter, Paradise and Hell, and the Reckoning. Some cartoons include distortions of the stories of the Prophets and Messengers, and some poke fun at Islam and Muslims, whilst others (such as Pokemon) include the beliefs of eastern and idolatrous religions. And there are many other examples. Even if a film does not outwardly go against Islam, it still carries notions of western culture that are alien to our society and religion.
Dr. Wahbah al-Zuhayli said in Qadiyat al-Ahdaath (6):
With regard to children’s programs and some adults’ programs, they propagate the spirit of western culture and promote western traditions, and they attract people to western-style parties and clubs.
One of the effects of this culture is the adoption of imaginary examples instead of following the example of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), his companions, the scholars and the mujaahideen. So children start to imitate Superman, Batman and Spiderman and other imaginary characters who do not exist, and they lose out in following the real example, as they get confused by so many imaginary examples who have no faith.
See: Wasaa’il al-I’laam wa’l-Atfaal: Wajhat nazar Islamiyyah by Abu’l-Hasan Saadiq and the article entitled Athar al-Rusoom al-Mutaharrikah ‘ala al-Atfaal by Nizaar Muhammad ‘Uthmaan.
After stating the positive and negative aspects, the Islamic attitude should be clear in sha Allah. The more negative points there are, the closer the ruling is to stating that it is haraam, and the more it is able to avoid the negative aspects, the closer it is to being permissible. This tells us that it is essential to establish companies that will produce Islamic cartoons by means of which all positive virtues may be instilled and all harmful and evil aspects can be avoided.
And Allaah knows best.
Islam Q&A
