وجوب التفقه في الحديث
نرى كثيراً من كتاب المجلات الإسلامية يوردون أحاديث ويرفعونها وينسبونها إلي النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- دون أن يذكروا مصادرها من كتب السنة المطهرة، وعلاوة على ذلك فإنهم يجزمون بعزوها إلى النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم-، وقد تكون ضعيفة أو موضوعة، وإن منهم لمن يسود صفحات في شرح بعضها، ومنهم يحتج بما هو مقطوع عند المحققين من العلماء ببطلانها على مخالفه في رأيه وهو دخيل في الإسلام، كما وقع ذلك في بعض الأعااد الأخيرة من المجلة.
فإلى هؤلاء الأفاضل وأمثالهم من الخطباء والوعاظ والمرشرين أسوق هذه الكلمة نصيحة وذكرى:
فإلى هؤلاء الأفاضل وأمثالهم من الخطباء والوعاظ والمرشرين أسوق هذه الكلمة نصيحة وذكرى:
لا يجوز للمسلم أن ينسب حديثأ ما إلى النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إلا بعد أن يتثبت من صحته على قاعدة المحدثين، والدليل على ذلك قوله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- :
" اتقوا الحديث عني إلا ما علمتم، فمن كذب علي متعمداً فليتبوأ مقعده من النار " 1
رواه ابن أبي شيبة بسند صحيح كما في " فيض القدير ".
والتثبت له طريقان :
والتثبت له طريقان :
الأول : أن ينظر الطالب في إسناده ورجاله ويحكم عليه بما تقتضيه قواعد علم الحديث وأصوله من صحة أو ضعف، دون أن يقلد إماماً معيناً في التصحيح والتضعيف، وهذا أمر عزيز في هذا العصر، لا يكاد يقوم به إلا أفراد قلائل مع الأسف.
والآخر: أن يعتمد في ذلك على كتاب خصه مؤلفه بالأحاديث الصحيحة كالصحيحين ونحوهما، أو على أقوال المحققين من المحدثين كالإمام أحمد ، وابن معين، وأبي حاتم الرازي، وغيرهم من المتقدمين، وكالنووي، والذهبي، والزيلعي، والعسقلاني، ونحوهم من المتأخرين.
وهذه الطريق ميسرة لكل راغب في الحق، ولكنه يحتاج إلى شيء من الجهد في المراجعة والتنقيب عن الحديث، وهذا أمر لا بد منه، ولا ينبغي أن يصدف عنه من كان ذا غيرة على دينه، وحريص على شريعته أن يدخلها ما ليس منها، ولذلك قال الفقيه ابن حجر الهيثمي في كتابه " الفتاوى المدينية " (ص : 32) :
" وسئل -رضي الله عنه- في خطيب يرقى المنبر في كل جمعة، ويروي أحاديث كثيرة، ولم يبين مخرجيها ولا رواتها فما الذي يجب عليه ؟
فأجاب بقوله : ما ذكره من الأحايث في خطبته من غير أن يبين رواتها أو من ذكرها ، فجائز بشرط أن يكون من أهل المعرفة في الحديث، أو ينقلها من (كتاب) مؤلفه من أهل الحديث، أو من خطب ليس مؤلفها كذلك، فلا يحل ذلك ! ومن فعله عزر عليه التعزير الشديد، وهذا حال أكثر الخطباء، فإنهم بمجرد رؤيتهم خطبة فيها أحاديث حفظوها وخطبوا بها من غير أن يعرفوا أن لتلك الأحادث أصلاً أم لا، فيجب على حكام كل بلد أن يزجروا خطباءها عن ذلك . . . ".
ثم قال : " فعلى هذا الخطيب أن يبين مستنده في روايته، فإن كان مستنداً صحيحاً، فلا اعتراض عليه، وإلا ساغ الاعتراض عليه، بل وجاز لولي الأمر أن يعزله من وظيفة الخطابة زجراً له عن أن يتجرأ على هذه المرتبة السنية بغير حق . . ".
محمد ناصر الدين الألباني
المصدر: مجلة التمدن الإسلامي (19/ 529-530).
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The necessity of understanding hadith
We found that many of the authors of Islamic magazines mention ahadith and attribute it to the prophet -prayers and peace of Allah be upon him- without mentioning its sources from the books of Sunan. In addition to that, they confirm its attribution to the prophet -prayers and peace of Allah be upon him-, and it could be in fact weak or fabricated. There are among them (i.e the writers) who write pages in its explanation. And among them who use what the hadith scholars agreed upon its fabrication; as evidence. As what happened in some of the last issues of the magazine.
So to those honorable men and their likes from the preachers and the dawah givers, I present you this word as an advice and a reminder:
It is not allowed for a Muslim to attribute a hadith for the prophet -prayers and peace of Allah be upon him- except after he makes sure of its authenticity based on the rules founded by the hadith scholars. And the evidence on that is the prophet -prayers and peace of Allah be upon him- saying: “Fear attributing a saying to me unless you know it, for he who lies on my behalf (attribute a false hadith to me) while he knows, he shall find his place in hellfire.” [Reported by Ibn Aby shaybah with an authentic chain] as mentioned in (Fayd al-Qadeer)
It is not allowed for a Muslim to attribute a hadith for the prophet -prayers and peace of Allah be upon him- except after he makes sure of its authenticity based on the rules founded by the hadith scholars. And the evidence on that is the prophet -prayers and peace of Allah be upon him- saying: “Fear attributing a saying to me unless you know it, for he who lies on my behalf (attribute a false hadith to me) while he knows, he shall find his place in hellfire.” [Reported by Ibn Aby shaybah with an authentic chain] as mentioned in (Fayd al-Qadeer)
And verifying has two ways:
First: That the student look in the chain of transmission and its men and then judge on it by what the rules of hadith science indicates; whether it is authentic or weak, without following a certain Imam in his authentication or weakening for the hadith. And that is a very rare thing in this age, and only a few people do it unfortunately.
The second: That he rely on a book that its author only wrote authentic hadiths in, such as the two authentic books of hadith and their like. Or he could rely upon the opinion of the hadith scholars like Imam Ahmad, Ibn Ma’een, Aby Hatem Ar-Razy and others from the earlier scholars. Or An-Nawawy, Az-Zahby,Az-zyl’y, Al-Asqalany and the like of the recent scholars.
First: That the student look in the chain of transmission and its men and then judge on it by what the rules of hadith science indicates; whether it is authentic or weak, without following a certain Imam in his authentication or weakening for the hadith. And that is a very rare thing in this age, and only a few people do it unfortunately.
The second: That he rely on a book that its author only wrote authentic hadiths in, such as the two authentic books of hadith and their like. Or he could rely upon the opinion of the hadith scholars like Imam Ahmad, Ibn Ma’een, Aby Hatem Ar-Razy and others from the earlier scholars. Or An-Nawawy, Az-Zahby,Az-zyl’y, Al-Asqalany and the like of the recent scholars.
And this method is easy for the one who desire the truth, but he will need some effort in revising and looking up for the hadith. And this is a must do act, that everyone one who is jealous on his religion and keen on his shari’ah should do, so as not to ascribe to it what is not from it. And that’s why the Jurist Ibn Hajr Al-Haythamy said in this book (Al-Fatawy Al-Madiniyah p.32):
And he was asked -may Allah be pleased with him- about the preacher going up the Menbar (platform) each Friday, and narrating many ahadith without mentioning its sources or narrators, what should he do?
So he answered with his saying: “what he mentioned in his preach of ahadith without mentioning their narrator is allowed, with the condition that he be among the people of knowledge in hadith. Or that he copied them from a book that was written by a hadith scholar. But if he copied them from books that were not written by hadith scholars then it is not allowed! And who did that should be blamed. And that is the condition with most of the preachers now, once they find a preach, they study its ahadith by heart and use it without verifying whether it has an origin or not. So the rulers of every country must prevent its preachers from doing so.”
And then he said: “So every preacher must mention his chain of transmission for his narration, and if it was an authentic one then there is no objection on it, else, it is permissible to object on his saying, and the one in charge is allowed to isolate him from his position as a preacher so as not to dare cross the lines with the exalted Sunnah with no right.”
Muhammad Nasr Ad-Deen Al-Albani
The source: At-Tamdun Al-Islamy magazine (19/530-529)
The source: At-Tamdun Al-Islamy magazine (19/530-529)