هل تؤجر المرأة على عملها في البيت ولو لم تنو الاحتساب؟
هل إذا عملت المرأة في بيتها دون احتساب نية أجر العمل عند الله تؤجر على عملها أم لا يحسب لها ؟.
الحمد لله
عمل المرأة في بيتها عمل عظيم تساهم به في نشر المودة والرحمة في بيتها ، ولها اليد الطولى في المساهمة في تربية أولادها ، وهي مُعينة لزوجها على عمله وعلى دعوته وطلبه للعلم . وهذا العمل – شأنه في ذلك شأن سائر الأعمال – لا تثاب عليها المرأة إلا إذا أخلصت فيه النية لله تعالى .
وهذه بعض النصوص المؤيدة لهذا مع نقل طائفة من أقوال أهل العلم :
1. ذكر البخاري رحمه الله تعالى في كتاب الإيمان باباً عدَّد فيه واجبات شرعية ، وذكر فيه احتساب الأجر على فعله .
قال البخاري رحمه الله :
"صحيح البخاري" (1/29) "كتاب الإيمان" .
قال الحافظ ابن حجر رحمه الله :
قوله : " باب ما جاء " أي : باب بيان ما ورد دالاًّ على أن الأعمال الشرعية معتبرة بالنية والحسبة . "فتح الباري" (1/135، 136) .
2. عن أبي مسعود البدري رضي الله عنه قال : قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( إن المسلم إذا أنفق على أهله نفقة يحتسبها كانت له صدقة ) . رواه البخاري (55) ومسلم (1002) .
فنفقة الرجل على زوجته وأولاده واجب شرعي ، ولا يثاب عليها إلا إن قصد الاحتساب .
قال القرطبي :
أفاد منطوقه أن الأجر في الإنفاق إنما يحصل بقصد القربة سواء كانت واجبة أو مباحة , وأفاد مفهومه أن من لم يقصد القربة لم يؤجر , لكن تبرأ ذمته من النفقة الواجبة .
"فتح الباري" (1/136) .
وقال ابن حجر :
ويستفاد منه أن الأجر لا يحصل بالعمل إلا مقرونا بالنية . . .
وقال الطبري ما ملخصه : الإنفاق على الأهل واجب , والذي يعطيه يؤجر على ذلك بحسب قصده , ولا منافاة بين كونها واجبة وبين تسميتها صدقة , بل هي أفضل من صدقة التطوع . "فتح الباري" (9/498) .
وقال النووي رحمه الله :
(يحتسبها) معناه : أراد بها وجه الله تعالى ، فلا يدخل فيه من أنفقها ذاهلا ( أي غفل عن النية ، ولم ينو الاحتساب ) , ولكن يدخل المحتسب . وطريقه في الاحتساب : أن ينفق بنية أداء ما أمر به من النفقة والإحسان .
"شرح مسلم" (7/88، 89) باختصار وتصرف .
3. وعن سعد بن أبي وقاص رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : ( إنك لن تنفق نفقة تبتغي بها وجه الله إلا أُجِرتَ عليها حتى ما تجعل في فم امرأتك ) رواه البخاري (56) ومسلم (1628) .
قال ابن الحاج المالكي رحمه الله :
وينبغي له أن لا يخلي نفسه من أن يلقم زوجته اللقمة واللقمتين ، لقوله عليه الصلاة والسلام : ( حتى اللقمة يضعها في فم امرأته ) فقد حصل له الثواب مع أن وضع اللقمة في فم امرأته له فيها استمتاع ، وينبغي له أن يحتسب في ذلك كله أعني : إحضار الطعام والإطعام . "المدخل" (1/224) باختصار .
وقال الحافظ ابن حجر رحمه الله :
( وإنك لن تنفق نفق تبتغي بها وجه الله إلا أجرت بها ) علق حصول الأجر بذلك ( أي بابتغاء وجه الله ) وهو المعتبر .
"فتح الباري" (5/367) .
والخلاصة :
أن عمل المرأة في بيتها تثاب عليه إذا احتسبت ثواب ذلك عند الله تعالى ، وأخلصت النية .
الإسلام سؤال وجواب
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Will a woman be rewarded for her work in the home even if she does not intend to seek reward?
If a woman works in her house without intending to seek reward for her work with Allaah, will she be rewarded for her work or not?.
Praise be to Allaah.
A woman’s work in the home is important work in which she helps to spread love and mercy in her home, and she plays a major role in raising her children and helps her husband in his work, da’wah and pursuit of knowledge.
In this regard, this work is like all other kinds of work: a woman will not be rewarded for it unless her intention in doing it is sincerely for the sake of Allaah alone.
There follow some texts which support this view, as well as some of the comments of the scholars.
1 – al-Bukhaari (may Allaah have mercy on him) included in Kitaab al-Eemaan (the Book of Faith) a chapter in which he listed shar’i duties, which included seeking reward for doing them.
Al-Bukhaari (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
“Chapter: what was narrated about actions being but by intentions, and every person will have but that which he intended. This includes faith, wudoo’, prayer, zakaah, Hajj, fasting and other rulings. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): “Each one does according to Shakilatihi (i.e. his way or his religion or his intentions)” [al-Isra’ 17:84]. A man may seek the reward of charity for his spending on his family. And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “But jihad and good intentions.”
Saheeh al-Bukhaari (1/29), Kitaab al-Eemaan.
Al-Haafiz ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The words “Chapter: what has been narrated…” mean: a chapter which explains what has been narrated as evidence that shar’i actions are judged according to intention.
Fath al-Baari (1/135, 136)
2 – It was narrated that Abu Mas’ood al-Badri (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “If a Muslim spends on his family, seeking reward for that with Allaah, then it will an act of charity on his part.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (55), Muslim (1002).
Spending on his wife and children is a man’s shar’i duty, but he will not be rewarded for it unless he seeks reward thereby.
Al-Qurtubi said:
The apparent meaning is that the reward for spending on them can only be attained by intending to draw closer to Allaah, whether it is obligatory or permissible, and this implies that whoever does not intend to draw closer to Allaah will not be rewarded, but he has discharged his duty in the case of obligatory spending.
Fath al-Baari (1/136)
Ibn Hajar said:
It may be understood from this that the reward cannot be attained by doing the deed unless it is also accompanied by the intention.
Al-Tabari said: spending on one's family is obligatory, and he will be rewarded for what he gives according to his intention. There is no contradiction between its being obligatory and its being called charity, rather it is better than voluntary charity.
Fath al-Baari (9/498)
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
Seeking reward thereby means seeking the Countenance of Allaah thereby. That does not include whatever he spends absent-mindedly (i.e., heedless of the intention and without intending to seek reward thereby). Rather this refers to the one who seeks reward. The way to seek reward is to spend it with the intention of fulfilling the duty of spending and kind treatment that has been enjoined upon him.
Sharh Muslim (7/88, 89).
3 – It was narrated from Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “You will never spend anything, seeking thereby the Countenance of Allaah, but you will be rewarded for it, even what you put in your wife’s mouth.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (56) and Muslim (1628).
Ibn al-Haaj al-Maaliki (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
He should not neglect to give his wife a morsel or two, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “even a morsel that he puts in his wife’s mouth.” He will earn reward even though there is some pleasure for him in putting a morsel in his wife’s mouth, but he should seek reward in all of that, i.e., in bringing the food and in giving it to her.
Al-Madkhal (1/224).
Al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
You will never spend anything, seeking thereby the reward of Allaah, but you will be rewarded for it. The attainment of reward is dependent upon that, i.e., on seeking the Countenance of Allaah. This is what matters.
Fath al-Baari (5/367).
Conclusion:
A woman will be rewarded for her work in the house if she seeks reward with Allaah for that, and is sincere in her intention.
And Allaah knows best.
Islam Q&A
